Kidney Stones: Causes, Treatment & Prevention
Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and may cause pain when they move through the urinary tract. They are a common urological condition but can be effectively treated and prevented with timely care.
Causes of Kidney Stones
Kidney stones usually develop due to an imbalance of minerals and fluids in the body. Common causes include:
- Low water intake and dehydration
- High salt or protein-rich diet
- Excess calcium or uric acid in urine
- Family history of kidney stones
- Certain medical conditions and medications
Symptoms to Watch For
Symptoms may vary depending on the size and location of the stone:
- Severe pain in the lower back or side
- Pain while urinating
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Blood in urine
- Nausea or vomiting
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the stone’s size, type, and severity:
- Small stones: Increased fluid intake and medications to ease pain
- Medium stones: Medical management and monitoring
- Large stones: Advanced procedures like shock wave therapy or minimally invasive surgery
Prevention Tips
Simple lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of kidney stones:
- Drink plenty of water daily
- Limit salt and processed foods
- Maintain a balanced diet
- Avoid excessive protein intake
- Follow medical advice for underlying conditions
When to Consult a Doctor
You should seek medical attention if you experience:
- Persistent or severe pain
- Difficulty passing urine
- Recurrent urinary infections
- Blood in urine
Early diagnosis and expert care can prevent complications and help maintain long-term kidney health.